Matera Travel Guide: What to Know Before You Go

Getting There

Matera does not have its own commercial airport. The primary gateway for most international and domestic travelers is Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport (BRI), located approximately 65 kilometers northwest of Matera. From Bari Airport, travelers can take a dedicated shuttle bus service directly to Matera, which typically takes around one hour and fifteen minutes depending on traffic. Alternatively, you can take a local bus or taxi to Bari Centrale train station and connect to Matera via train or bus.

Rail connections to Matera Centrale usually require a transfer in Bari. The Ferrovia Appulo-Lucane operates the regional line connecting Bari and Matera. While scenic, this route can be slower than road transport. Direct bus services from Bari to Matera are frequent and often more time-efficient. For travelers arriving from Rome or Milan, high-speed trains to Bari are available, followed by the regional connection to Matera. Naples International Airport (NAP) is another option, roughly three hours away by car or combined train and bus transport, but Bari remains the most practical hub for minimizing transfer time.

Getting Around

The historic center of Matera, known as the Sassi, is compact and best explored on foot. The area is characterized by narrow, winding lanes, steep staircases, and uneven stone surfaces, making it largely inaccessible for standard vehicles and challenging for those with limited mobility. Most attractions, restaurants, and hotels within the Sassi are within walking distance of each other. Public buses operate within the modern section of the town, known as the Piano, connecting residential areas to the historic center.

Taxis and ride-sharing services are available but may have limited access to the deepest parts of the Sassi due to traffic restrictions. For visitors planning to explore the surrounding Basilicata region or take day trips, renting a car is highly recommended. However, be aware that driving within the Sassi is restricted for non-residents, and parking must be arranged in designated lots outside the historic core, often requiring a short walk to your accommodation. Verify parking arrangements with your lodging provider before arrival.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Matera is during the shoulder seasons of spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October). During these months, daytime temperatures are mild, typically ranging from 15°C to 25°C, making walking tours comfortable. Crowds are manageable compared to the peak summer season, and accommodation prices are generally more stable. Spring offers blooming landscapes, while autumn provides harvest-related food events and warm light for photography.

Summer (July and August) can be extremely hot, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C. The stone structures of the Sassi absorb heat, making midday exploration strenuous. However, summer evenings are lively with cultural events and open-air concerts. Winter (November to March) is quiet and atmospheric, with fewer tourists and lower prices, but some attractions may have reduced opening hours, and rain can make the stone streets slippery. Major religious events occur around Easter and Christmas, drawing larger local crowds.

Top Things to Do

Explore the Sassi Districts

The Sassi di Matera are the heart of the city, consisting of two ancient districts, Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano. These cave dwellings have been inhabited since the Paleolithic era. Walking through the labyrinthine streets offers a unique glimpse into historical living conditions. Visitors should allocate several hours to simply wander, observe the architecture, and visit the various viewpoints that overlook the Gravina river canyon.

Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario

This preserved cave dwelling provides a furnished reconstruction of how a peasant family lived in the Sassi before the forced evacuations of the 1950s. It is a crucial stop for understanding the social history of the area. The tour is guided and offers context about the hygiene conditions and daily struggles that led to the city’s depopulation mid-century.

Matera Cathedral (Cattedrale di Matera)

Located on the highest point between the two Sassi districts, this 13th-century Romanesque cathedral offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The interior features significant religious art and frescoes. Climbing the bell tower provides one of the best vantage points for photography, though access may be limited during religious services.

Palombaro Lungo

This massive underground cistern was constructed in the 19th century to collect rainwater for the city. It is an engineering marvel located beneath Piazza Vittorio Veneto. Visits are typically by guided tour only, as the space is vast and dark. It highlights the ingenuity required to sustain life in a city built on rock with limited natural water sources.

Rock Churches (Chiese Rupestri)

Scattered throughout the Sassi and the surrounding ravine are numerous churches carved directly into the rock face. Many contain well-preserved Byzantine frescoes dating back to the 12th and 13th centuries. Santa Maria de Idris and San Giovanni in Monterrone are notable examples. Some require a combined ticket or specific tour arrangement to access.

MUSMA Museum

Housed in the Palazzo Pomarici, this museum focuses on contemporary sculpture within a historic setting. It offers a contrast to the ancient surroundings, showcasing modern art installations integrated into the rooms and caves of the palace. It is a good option for rainy days or those interested in modern culture.

Belvedere Luigi Volpe

For the iconic postcard view of Matera, this viewpoint on the modern side of the city looks back across the ravine toward the Sassi. It is particularly striking at sunset or during the blue hour when the lights of the cave dwellings illuminate the rock face. It is easily accessible by car or a moderate walk from the center.

Parco della Murgia Materana

Located across the ravine from the Sassi, this natural park contains additional rock churches, hiking trails, and archaeological sites. It offers a quieter perspective of Matera from the outside. Guided hikes are available and recommended to navigate the trails safely and locate the less visible historical sites.

Where to Eat

Matera is located in the Basilicata region, known for robust, rustic cuisine centered around high-quality grains, vegetables, and cured meats. The local bread, Pane di Matera, holds IGP status and is a staple of every meal, characterized by a thick crust and long shelf life. Common pasta shapes include orecchiette and lagane, often served with vegetable-based sauces or meat ragù.

Peperoni cruschi, dried crunchy peppers, are a signature ingredient used as a garnish or snack. Visitors should also try local olive oils, which are highly regarded in Southern Italy. Meal times follow standard Italian customs, with lunch typically served between 1:00 PM and 2:30 PM and dinner starting after 8:00 PM. Many kitchens close between lunch and dinner service. Wine pairings often feature local Primitivo or Aglianico varietals.

Where to Stay

Accommodation in Matera generally falls into two categories: staying within the Sassi or in the modern Piano district. Staying in the Sassi offers a unique experience in converted cave hotels, providing atmosphere and proximity to major sights. However, these rooms may lack natural light, involve many stairs, and can be prone to humidity. This option suits couples and travelers seeking historical immersion.

The Piano district offers modern hotels with easier vehicle access, parking, and standard amenities. This area is better suited for families with young children, travelers with heavy luggage, or those with mobility issues. It is generally quieter at night and more budget-friendly. Visitors with a rental car may find the Piano more convenient for parking, though most Sassi hotels offer luggage transfer services from nearby drop-off points.

Suggested Itinerary

Two-Day Highlights

Day 1: Arrive and check in. Spend the afternoon walking through Sasso Caveoso. Visit Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario to understand local history. Enjoy dinner at a traditional trattoria in the Sassi. Day 2: Morning visit to Matera Cathedral and Palombaro Lungo. Afternoon exploration of the Rock Churches. Departure or transfer to next destination.

Four-Day Relaxed Stay

Day 1: Arrival and orientation walk. Sunset at Belvedere Luigi Volpe. Day 2: Deep dive into the Sassi, including MUSMA Museum and Casa Grotta. Day 3: Day trip to Alberobello to see Trulli structures or hike Parco della Murgia Materana. Day 4: Leisurely morning shopping for local bread and crafts. Visit any missed sites. Departure.

Local Etiquette & Practical Tips

When visiting churches, dress modestly with shoulders and knees covered. While Matera is generally safe, standard precautions against pickpocketing in crowded areas apply. The terrain is uneven; wear sturdy, flat shoes rather than heels. Tipping is not mandatory but leaving small change for good service is appreciated. Cash is still preferred in smaller establishments, though cards are widely accepted in hotels and larger restaurants.

Italian is the primary language, though a local Lucanian dialect is spoken among residents. English is commonly understood in tourist-facing businesses. Greetings are important; say buongiorno (good morning) or buonasera (good evening) when entering shops or restaurants. Avoid loud conversations in residential areas of the Sassi at night, as sound carries easily through the stone structures.

Day Trips from Matera

Alberobello

Located about 45 minutes away by car, Alberobello is famous for its Trulli, whitewashed stone huts with conical roofs. It is a UNESCO site similar in historical significance to the Sassi. Best as a half-day or full-day trip.

Castel del Monte

This 13th-century citadel is located roughly one hour away. Known for its unique octagonal shape, it is another UNESCO World Heritage site. Suitable for a half-day trip combined with nearby towns.

Metaponto

Approximately 45 minutes south, this coastal town offers access to the Ionian Sea and ancient Greek ruins. Ideal for a summer day trip combining beach time with history.

Craco

An abandoned ghost town located about 40 minutes away. It offers a haunting look at depopulated medieval villages. Access may be restricted due to stability concerns, so verify current tour availability before traveling.