Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar (12th or 13th July 100 BCE, Rome - 15th March 44 BCE, Rome) was a major political and military figure in Ancient Rome who siezed power and became dictator.

Caesar was born into the powerful and prestigous Julian clan who were well connected with Roman politics and the aristocracy. He entered politics and served in various roles before serving as governor of the Roman province of Spain in 61 BCE.

The following year he returned to Rome and made a deal with Pompey and Crassus to get elected as consul for 50 BCE. After his term he was appointed governor of Gaul where he remained for 8 years adding both modern day France and Belgium to the territories controlled by Rome. He also made two expeditions to Britain in 55 and 54 BCE.

Caesar then returned to Italy, famously crossing the Rubicon without disbanding his army and marching on Rome which precipitated a civil war where, ultimately, Caesar defeated Pompey who fled to Egypt. Caesar followed him there only to become entangled with Cleopatra.

Back in Rome, Caesar was dictator. He made many reforms and although the dictatorship was supposed to be temporary, in 44 BCE Caesar declared himself dictator for life. This act alienated many powerful people and ultimately led to his assassination on the Ides of March. The ensuing civil war ultimately led to the end of the Republic and the formation of the Empire.

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